There's been a lot of firsts — from the first space marathon to the first man to marry in space.
From Mars rovers to deep-space intel to a bevy of programs in the works around the world to further our understanding of outer space, the history of space exploration is being newly written every day.
1902: First space movie The first space movie is widely considered to be 1902’s “Le Voyage dans la Lune.” The film depicts a journey to the moon by a group of astronomers. 1959: America’s first astronauts The first American astronauts were introduced in 1959. Members of the group were finalists from a competitive vetting process than began with more than 500 candidates. These “Original Seven” were eventually called the “Mercury Seven” after the name of the American space project—the Mercury Program.
1962: First American orbits the Earth John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth in 1962. Glenn was a member of the Mercury 7, and circled the globe three times in less than five hours, concluding with a splashdown and recovery in the Atlantic Ocean. 1965: First spacewalk The Soviet astronaut Alexei Leonov was the first person to walk in space in March 1965. Leonov’s first words on exiting his spacecraft and catching view of the Earth was: “The Earth is round!” Decades later, he has said that what remains imprinted on his memory is “the extraordinary silence.”
1968: First view of the far side of the moon The far side of the moon is the hemisphere of the moon that faces the opposite direction away from the Earth. In 1968, the Apollo 8 crew saw this side of the moon and became the first humans to have ever done so. “It’s a beautiful, beautiful view,” one of the crew transmitted back to mission control on Dec. 22, 1968.
1971: First deaths in space In a tragic space first, three Soviet astronauts—Georgi Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev—became the first to perish in space on June 30, 1971. A broken breathing valve caused a drop in pressure inside their spacecraft, asphyxiating them within seconds. 1975: First international manned spaceflight The United States and the Soviet Union had been locked in a space race for decades, so it came as a welcome joint venture in 1975 when the two nations teamed up for the first international manned spaceflight. An American Apollo spacecraft met up with a Soviet Soyuz, and their crews performed several experiments together.
1983: First American woman in space Sally Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983. Ride’s milestone would turn her into an immortal icon, with a Barbie doll aiming to prove to young girls that they, too, could grow up to go to space. 1984: First Indian in space India was the next nation to follow Russia and the United States in sending astronauts to space. The country sent its first on April 2, 1984, when Rakesh Sharma launched into space—albeit aboard a Soviet shuttle.
1989: First probe launched from a shuttle The first probe was launched from the shuttle Magellan in 1989. The probe was in Venus’ orbit and was also the first to take images of Venus’ entire surface. 1995: First American aboard Soviet spaceship A sign that the Cold War had finally ended was that the first American boarded a Soviet spaceship in 1995. Norman E. Thagard conducted research with Russian cosmonauts for 115 days aboard the Mir.
2001: World’s first space tourist The world’s first space tourist, Dennis Tito, made the trip in 2001. The American millionaire paid to board a Russian spacecraft headed for the International Space Station.
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