A shared sense of national history is proving to be a crucial weapon, spurring on Ukraine resistance and Russian soldiers
he Ukrainian writer Oksana Zabuzhko recalls a quote attributed to Otto von Bismarck: “Wars are not won by generals, but by schoolteachers and parish priests.” It’s a country’s taught collective memory, its shared sense of its own history, that are the decisive instruments for mobilisation, and are as important on the battlefield as weaponry.
When Putin talked about Ukraine needing to disarm and making Russian its second official language, it was not only about restoring Ukraine as part ofPolice officers detain a demonstrator during a protest against Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in Moscow on February 24. Vladimir Putin is sometimes described not as commander in chief, but as Russia’s historian in chief.
People gather in Lviv to commemorate the victims of the 1932-33 Holodomor, a human-made famine that killed millions of Ukrainians.Battles were fought over school textbooks, monuments, the choice of national anniversaries, street names, state archives, or the status of the Holodomor – the human-made famine of 1932-33 that killed millions of Ukrainians – as a genocide.
President Volodymyr Zelenskiy speaks during his televised New Year’s message in Kyiv, 1 January 2020.Onuch and her co-author, Henry Hale, argue Zelenskiy was critical to giving Ukrainians a chance to “realise they shared a rich common fate that transcended linguistic national and religious diversity”. This generation did not want just to shed their Russianness, but find a new Ukrainian civic identity linked to a hard-fought idea of common values.
Russian soldier Kulikov Mikhail, 31 years old sits in a glass enclosure with reflections of Ukrainians and media present at war crimes trial in Chernihiv, Ukraine on June 30, 2022. Accused of violating the laws and customs of war, he was the operator-gunner of a T-72b tank and on February 26 received an order to shoot at a residential apartment building using a high-explosive fragmentation projectile. He has admitted guilt and repented.
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