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A debt shall be considered paid when the thing or service consisting of the obligation has been completely delivered or rendered .
In the case of Royal Cargo Corporation v. DFS Sports Unlimited, Inc., the question raised was whether the original invoices were sufficient to prove payment “or, at the least, [if] the same raise a disputable presumption that respondent had indeed discharged its obligations to petitioner” .“An invoice or bill is a commercial document issued by a seller to the buyer indicating the products, quantities and agreed prices for product or services the seller has provided the buyer.
“If a receipt was given for the money, it is proper and expedient to produce it, but it is not necessary, parol evidence of the payment being admissible, notwithstanding the written receipt, and without accounting for its absence. “Payment made to a third person shall also be valid [if it] redounded to the benefit of the creditor. Such benefit to the creditor need not be proved in the following cases: if after the payment, the third person acquires the creditor’s rights; if the creditor ratifies the payment to the third person; if by the creditor’s conduct, the debtor has been led to believe that the third person had authority to receive the payment” .
Payments through GCash, Pay Maya, bank transfers, or other electronic means are now recognized modes of payment of debts.
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