US researchers have finally surpassed an important milestone for nuclear fusion technology: getting more energy out than was put in.
Here is an update on how nuclear fusion—which produces no greenhouse gases and leaves little waste—works, what projects are underway and estimates on when they could be completed:Fusion differs from fission, the technique currently used in nuclear power plants, by fusing two atomic nuclei instead of splitting one.Two light hydrogen atoms, when they collide at very high speeds, fuse together into one heavier element, helium, releasing energy in the process.
Magnets confine the swirling plasma gas, preventing it from coming into contact with the chamber's walls, while the atoms collide and begin fusing. This is the technique used by scientists at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California who were behind Tuesday's announcement.
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