Harvard geneticist Gary Ruvkun vividly remembers the late-night phone call with his longtime friend and now 2024 Nobel Prize in Medicine co-laureate
Victor Ambros, when they made their groundbreaking discovery of genetic switches that exist across the tree of life.
Although these molecules are only 22 “letters” long — compared to the thousands of lines of code in regular protein-coding genes — their small size belies their critical role as molecular gatekeepers.“It’s a little bit like how astronomy starts with looking at the visible spectrum, and then people thought ‘If we look with X rays, we can see much higher energy events,'” he added.Their discovery had its roots in early investigations into C. elegans, a one-millimeter-long roundworm.
It’s through this process, understood since the mid-20th century, that cells become specialized and carry out different functions. “We were considered an oddity in the world of developmental biology,” Ruvkun recalled. Even he had little idea their work would one day be celebrated by the wider scientific community.
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