Bone and tooth remnants from two Siberian caves are helping scientists for the first time decipher the social organization of our cousins the Neanderthals through genetic sleuthing, including on the remains of a father and his teenage daughter.
Researchers on Wednesday described genomic findings from the remains of 13 Neanderthals — 11 from Chagyrskaya cave and two from Okladnikov cave in the Altai Mountains of Russia — in one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. The Paleolithic remains date to about 54,000 years ago.
The caves are located within 100 kilometers of the site where the first remains of Denisovans were found, but the study detected no evidence of interbreeding between these 13 Neanderthals and Denisovans. Our species had not yet reached this region at the time. The 13 Neanderthal individuals included five children and adolescents. There were seven males and six females.
Far from the obsolete stereotype of dimwitted brutes, studies have shown that Neanderthals were intelligent, creating art, using complex group hunting methods, pigments probably for body painting, symbolic objects and perhaps spoken language.
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