AT a time when Filipinos were still building up their self-identity as a distinct nation from the Spaniards, amid the perception by Westerners that Filipinos were not as good, many of the 'ilustrados' had to project that they were Renaissance men like Leonardo. In exhibiting their talents in art, literature, law and the sciences, they defended their people and edified the nation.
But ilustrados were also referred to as such because they were also believers in the Enlightenment philosophy, developed by the European philosophers. That there is no logical basis for the divine right of kings and noblemen; all men are created equal, and thus, all human beings are able to exemplify reason and scientific thought to solve their problems. In short, reason over superstition and science over religion.
Rizal was an eye doctor, a man of science. But he was also a novelist, poet and visual artist. Yet in many of his artistic works, he still wanted to teach people liberal philosophy and the importance of education. In a diptych, or a work in two parts, he created two statues showing two realities.In the first one, 'The Triumph of Death Over Life,' a naked woman representing life is being embraced by a full skeleton representing death.
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