Located near the western coast of South America is a large plain near the Andes Mountains, the Altiplano of the Atacama Desert.
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“If you are exposed to such a high radiation danger, you have to protect your skin,” said Cordero. “At this particular location, for people working there … they are aware that the radiation was high, but now we know how really high.” “What was striking to me was how large the value can get under the conditions of forward scattering in Altiplano,” said Tirthankar Chakraborty, an Earth scientist at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory who was not involved in the research. “This is an interesting observational study of solar extremes possible on our planet, setting new records for shortwave radiation at the surface.
Second, the northern hemisphere also has more ozone molecules from the surface to space than the southern hemisphere. Ozone molecules higher in our atmosphere act as a natural sunscreen and protect us from the sun’s radiation. If you were to add both the solar irradiance and atmospheric irradiance, data from the NASA CERES satellite show that the largest irradiance at the surface occurs in an equatorial region over the Pacific Ocean, said Kato, who is also a member of the satellite team.
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