Researchers track high frequency of genetic diseases in Quebec’s Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region

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Researchers track high frequency of genetic diseases in Quebec’s Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region
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A team of medical and genetics specialists associated with the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean health authority recently added 11 rare diseases or conditions to a list of 14 that had already been identified

Quebec’s Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region is known for its spectacular fjord and rugged outdoor landscapes. But its isolation has also made the region north of Quebec City home to something else: a higher than normal presence of more than two dozen rare genetic diseases, including some whose frequency in the region have recently been measured for the first time.

Their findings were published Feb. 14 in the American Journal of Medical Genetics, under the title, “Portrait of autosomal recessive diseases in the French-Canadian founder population of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean.” But the results of the study, which was a collaboration between medical professionals in a clinical setting and researchers analyzing years worth of genetic data, surprised even the researchers.

That number refers to people who carry the defective genes that cause illness, but who are not necessarily sick themselves.The higher frequency of these rare diseases is the result of a “genetic lottery,” Bouchard said. All of the diseases are recessive – both parents have to be carriers of the defective gene in order for their offspring to have a chance of developing the condition, Bouchard said. A child with two carrier parents has only a 25 per cent chance of developing a disease, meaning that diagnoses are extremely rare even in the region.

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