Using computational tools, researchers from the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have developed a method to assess which patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer could benefit from immunotherapy.
Johns Hopkins Medicine Oct 29 2024 The work by computational scientists and clinicians was published Oct . 28 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Unfortunately, existing predictive biomarkers have limited accuracy in identifying patients who will benefit from immunotherapy. Moreover, a large-scale assessment of characteristics that predict treatment response would require the collection of tumor biopsies and blood samples from many patients and would involve performing several assays, which is very challenging."
Using the partially synthetic data produced by the virtual clinical trial, researchers assessed the performance of 90 biomarkers alone and in double, triple and quadruple combinations. They found that measurements from tumor biopsies or blood samples taken before the start of treatment, called pretreatment biomarkers, had limited ability to predict treatment outcomes.
Related StoriesTo validate the findings, investigators performed a virtual clinical trial with patients selected based on change in tumor diameter at two weeks after the start of treatment. "The simulated response rates increased more than two-fold -; from 11% to 25% -; which is quite remarkable," Arulraj says. "This emphasizes the potential for noninvasive biomarkers as an alternative, in cases where collecting tumor biopsy samples is not feasible.
Previously, the team used an in-house modeling framework and developed a computational model with a special focus on late-stage breast cancer where the tumor has already spread to various parts of the body. This was published in Science Advances last year. The team employed data from several clinical and experimental studies to develop and thoroughly validate this computational model.
Cancer Immunotherapy Biomarker Blood Clinical Trial Immune System Medicine OCT Oncology Ph Research Tumor
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