The Ontario treaty deal is a game-changer for Indigenous rights
Ken Coates is a distinguished fellow and director of Indigenous affairs at the Macdonald-Laurier Institute.
In 1850, the original Robinson Treaties, Huron and Superior, stated that if governments ever made money off the lands and resources around Lakes Huron and Superior, the First Nations would share in the bounty. Responsibility for paying the $10-billion – an amount said to address historical grievances – will be divided between Ontario and Canada. The allocation will be shared, in ways yet to be determined by First Nations, between payments to individuals and community investment funds.
For Ontario, the settlement brings the provincial government to the table in a big way. Major developments of the Ring of Fire mineral properties and other northern Ontario projects are slowed by the absence of agreements with First Nations. A new prosperity-sharing formula will be critical in breaking future logjams.
In 1930, Ottawa transferred land and resources to the three Prairie provinces through the Natural Resources Transfer Acts . The West’s heavy financial dependence on resource development can be largely traced to this rejigging of provincial authority. First Nations were not consulted and no arrangements were made to share revenues or commercial opportunities with Indigenous peoples.
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